How To Taste Organic and Biodynamic Wines

Wine tasting is an art, an experience that appeals to all the senses. While most people are familiar with tasting wines from conventional vineyards, the world of organic and biodynamic wines offers a distinct journey of flavors, aromas, and textures that reflect a deep connection to the land and its rhythms. Understanding how to taste organic and biodynamic wines involves not only developing a refined palate but also grasping the principles behind these two unique approaches to viticulture.

In this article, we will explore the differences between organic and biodynamic wines, dive into the philosophy behind these farming practices, and outline the steps to properly taste these wines to truly appreciate their unique qualities.

Understanding Organic and Biodynamic Wines

Organic Wines

Organic wines are made from grapes grown without synthetic pesticides, herbicides, or chemical fertilizers. Organic farming prioritizes the health of the soil, the vines, and the surrounding environment. The goal is to produce grapes in a natural ecosystem that respects biodiversity and promotes ecological balance.

To label a wine as "organic," it must be produced from grapes that are certified by an official organic certification body. In the United States, for instance, wines must meet the standards set by the USDA Organic Certification. These wines typically avoid the use of additives and sulfur in production, although some organic wines may still contain small amounts of sulfur to preserve the wine during fermentation.

Biodynamic Wines

Biodynamic farming goes beyond organic practices by incorporating the spiritual and cosmic rhythms of the Earth into the cultivation process. Founded by Rudolf Steiner in the 1920s, biodynamics takes a holistic approach to farming, viewing the vineyard as a living organism. Biodynamic farmers work with lunar cycles, planetary movements, and the application of specially prepared organic composts and herbal teas to enhance the vitality of the vineyard.

A key tenet of biodynamics is the use of "preparations"---natural compounds made from herbs, minerals, and animal manure that are used to enrich the soil and boost plant health. These preparations are applied at specific times, in accordance with Steiner's cosmic calendar, to promote harmony between the vineyard and the wider ecosystem. Biodynamic wines often carry a certification from Demeter, an international organization that oversees biodynamic practices.

While organic wines focus primarily on the health of the soil and the environment, biodynamic wines take a more esoteric approach, incorporating cosmic forces into the winemaking process. This distinction often results in wines that exhibit a greater depth of character, often described as more "alive" or "expressive."

How Organic and Biodynamic Wines Affect the Tasting Experience

When tasting organic and biodynamic wines, there are certain qualities to look for that may distinguish them from conventionally produced wines. These wines often have a more complex, nuanced profile due to the farming practices and natural processes involved in their production.

Complexity and Terroir

The term "terroir" refers to the unique combination of factors---such as climate, soil, topography, and farming methods---that influence the flavor and character of the wine. Organic and biodynamic wines are often praised for their strong expression of terroir. The natural farming practices used in these vineyards allow the grapes to reflect the specific conditions of their environment more fully. For example, a biodynamic vineyard may have a distinctly earthy character because of the soil preparation and attention to the lunar calendar during the growing season.

Purity of Flavors

Because organic and biodynamic wines are made without synthetic chemicals, the grapes tend to have more authentic flavors, with less interference from additives. Some wine lovers describe biodynamic wines as having a "purity" that reveals more of the grape's intrinsic character. The absence of pesticides, herbicides, and artificial interventions means that the natural aromas and flavors of the grape varietal are allowed to shine through without being masked.

Sense of Place

Both organic and biodynamic wines are often made with a deep sense of place in mind. The winemakers behind these wines are typically passionate about preserving the local environment and producing wines that are in harmony with the land. This results in wines that have a distinct sense of origin, or "sense of place." Organic and biodynamic wines are often tied to small, family-run wineries that are focused on quality over quantity, and they may showcase flavors and aromas that reflect the unique landscape in which they are grown.

Vibrancy and Energy

Biodynamic wines, in particular, are often described as having a greater sense of energy or vibrancy. This characteristic is thought to result from the holistic approach to farming, where the vineyard is treated as a living organism, and each element, from the soil to the plants to the celestial influences, is considered in balance. These wines may have a "lift" or liveliness that is noticeable to the taster, particularly on the finish.

Steps to Properly Taste Organic and Biodynamic Wines

Tasting organic and biodynamic wines requires an attentive approach. These wines have a distinct character, and the tasting process should be done with a mindful focus on their nuances. Below are the essential steps to help you taste these wines in a way that maximizes your appreciation of their qualities.

1. Observe the Appearance

The first step in any wine tasting is to observe the wine's appearance. Hold the glass by the stem and tilt it slightly against a white background to examine the color. Organic and biodynamic wines, especially those that are minimally processed, may have slightly different color profiles compared to conventionally produced wines. For example, biodynamic wines may appear a little cloudier due to the lack of fining or filtering agents.

The color can also give you clues about the wine's age, varietal, and the level of extraction from the grape skins. A young red wine may be deep purple, while an older one will show more brick or amber hues. White wines can range from pale straw to deep gold, depending on the grape variety and winemaking process.

2. Swirl the Wine

Swirling the wine helps to aerate it, allowing the volatile compounds in the wine to be released. As the wine moves around the inside of the glass, it leaves "legs" or "tears" on the sides, which can give you an indication of its alcohol content. Organic and biodynamic wines, due to their minimal intervention approach, may have more subtle, delicate aromas that come to the forefront once the wine is swirled.

3. Smell the Wine

The next step is to smell the wine. A wine's nose is where you'll experience its primary aromas---those that come from the grape itself---and secondary aromas that develop during fermentation and aging. Organic and biodynamic wines often showcase a wider range of aromas due to their natural production process. Look for earthy notes, floral characteristics, and bright, fresh fruit smells that can be an indication of the terroir.

Take a deep sniff and try to discern the different layers of aromas. If the wine is still "closed" or not releasing much scent, allow it to breathe for a few moments, as some natural wines take time to open up and reveal their true character.

4. Taste the Wine

When tasting organic and biodynamic wines, take a small sip and allow the wine to coat your palate. As you taste, try to identify the key elements of the wine:

• Sweetness: Is the wine dry or sweet? Organic and biodynamic wines tend to be more balanced in sweetness, with a natural fruitiness that can give them a rounded profile.
• Acidity: Organic and biodynamic wines often have higher acidity, which makes them fresh and lively. This is a key feature in many white wines, as well as in certain red wines.
• Tannins: Tannins come from the grape skins, seeds, and stems. They provide structure and a drying sensation on the palate. Biodynamic wines, in particular, often have a more refined tannin structure.
• Body: The body refers to the weight or fullness of the wine in your mouth. Organic and biodynamic wines can range from light and delicate to rich and full-bodied, depending on the grape variety and winemaking methods.
• Finish: Pay attention to the wine's finish. Does it linger? Is it crisp or smooth? Biodynamic wines, in particular, are known for having a long, complex finish that leaves a lasting impression.

5. Reflect on the Experience

Finally, after tasting the wine, take a moment to reflect on your experience. What stood out to you? Did you notice a unique flavor or aroma that you hadn't encountered before? Did the wine feel vibrant and alive? Organic and biodynamic wines are often made with a focus on authenticity and expression, and they offer an opportunity to connect with the land in a way that conventional wines may not.

Conclusion

Tasting organic and biodynamic wines is an enriching experience that goes beyond simply drinking wine. It's about understanding the connection between the grape, the soil, and the people who cultivate it. By appreciating the nuances of these wines, you can gain a deeper understanding of the philosophy behind organic and biodynamic farming and how it influences the wine's flavor profile.

By following the steps outlined in this guide, you can enhance your ability to taste these wines with mindfulness, respect, and a genuine appreciation for their uniqueness. As you embark on your tasting journey, remember that organic and biodynamic wines are as much about the experience as they are about the flavors in the glass.

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