How to Printmaking with Found Objects

Printmaking, an age-old artistic technique that involves transferring ink or paint from a matrix to paper or fabric, has been a staple in the creation of everything from fine art to commercial goods. Historically, printmaking has been associated with traditional tools such as woodblocks, etching plates, and lithographic stones. However, in the contemporary world of printmaking, artists have pushed the boundaries of this medium by incorporating found objects into their process. Found object printmaking is a form of artistic exploration where everyday items---whether discarded or repurposed---become part of the artwork's creation. This technique allows for an innovative, often experimental approach to printmaking, producing unique textures, shapes, and impressions.

In this article, we will explore how to use found objects in printmaking, discussing the materials, methods, and the creative potential that arises when incorporating these objects into your artistic process. Whether you are an experienced printmaker or someone exploring this medium for the first time, there are exciting ways to experiment with this technique, giving your prints a distinctive edge.

Understanding Found Object Printmaking

Found object printmaking involves using items that were not originally designed for artistic creation but are repurposed to create impressions or textures on a printing surface. These objects might be everyday items you have around the house or materials you find in nature. The beauty of found objects lies in their unpredictability and the unique textures they offer. The process can be both a creative exploration and a form of upcycling, as the objects you choose often have stories or histories of their own that add layers of meaning to the final print.

The Basics of Printmaking

Before diving into found object printmaking, it's essential to understand the basic principles of printmaking. Traditional printmaking involves transferring an image from one surface (the matrix) to another (usually paper). Common types of printmaking include:

• Relief Printing: This method involves carving or etching into a surface to create raised areas that hold ink. Woodblock printing and linocut are classic examples.
• Intaglio Printing: This involves incising an image into a surface, often using a metal plate, and then printing from the recessed areas.
• Screen Printing: Ink is pushed through a mesh screen to transfer an image onto a surface, often used in fabric printing.
• Lithography: This involves creating an image on a flat stone or metal plate that is then chemically treated to attract ink in specific areas.

Found object printmaking can incorporate any of these techniques, but with an added element of surprise: the use of materials not traditionally associated with printmaking.

Materials You Will Need

The materials for found object printmaking can be as simple or as elaborate as you desire. The beauty of this technique is that it allows you to experiment with what you have on hand, making it an affordable and accessible way to create art. Here's a list of essential and optional materials you may need:

Basic Materials

• Found Objects: These can include anything from natural items like leaves, twigs, and stones, to man-made objects like plastic items, fabric, metal sheets, cardboard, and even old tools. The objects you choose will influence the texture and character of your prints.
• Ink or Paint: You can use traditional printmaking ink or acrylic paint. The choice of ink depends on the type of printmaking you intend to do (relief, intaglio, etc.).
• Paper or Fabric: High-quality printmaking paper or fabric is essential for transferring your image. Depending on your project, you may also want to experiment with different textures and weights of paper.
• Brayer or Roller: This is used to evenly distribute ink or paint onto your found objects.
• Printing Press or Alternative Pressing Methods: While a traditional printing press is the most effective for intaglio or relief prints, it is possible to create prints without one. Alternatives include hand pressing, using a wooden spoon, or even using your body weight.
• Carving Tools (Optional): If you plan on incorporating carved or etched areas into your found objects, you'll need carving tools or a Dremel.

Optional Materials for Special Techniques

• Gesso or Gel Medium: For adding texture to objects or surfaces, gesso can create a raised effect, which can be beneficial in some printmaking processes.
• Transfer Papers: Used for transferring printed designs from one surface to another, these can be handy for making repeat impressions.
• Watercolor or Other Paints: For more fluid and abstract prints, you can experiment with different paints that are water-based.

Steps to Create Found Object Prints

1. Selecting Your Found Objects

The first step in the process of found object printmaking is deciding which objects will become the medium for your print. Look around your environment for items that have interesting textures, shapes, or surfaces. Here are some ideas to get you started:

• Nature Finds: Leaves, flowers, pinecones, stones, bark, and sea shells all provide unique, organic textures. Their natural forms can give your prints a rich, intricate look.
• Recycled Materials: Old newspapers, cardboard, plastic packaging, or metal scraps can create fascinating patterns and textures when pressed onto paper or fabric.
• Fabric Scraps: Textile materials like lace, burlap, or old clothing can be used to add texture to your prints. Fabrics can be layered or pressed directly onto the printing surface.
• Everyday Objects: Items such as coins, keys, rubber bands, and bottle caps can all make interesting impressions. Experiment with objects that are flat, bumpy, or have an intricate surface pattern.

The key is to choose objects that will leave a mark, whether through texture, shape, or the nature of their surfaces.

2. Preparing Your Printing Surface

Once you've selected your objects, it's time to prepare your surface for printing. You can use different methods to create a matrix for the ink, such as:

• Flat Surfaces: For a traditional relief print, you can use flat objects like cardboard, plastic, or wood. These objects can be treated with a layer of ink, which you will then press onto your paper or fabric.
• Raised Surfaces: If you're using a textured material like a leaf or fabric, you might want to coat it with ink and use a press or your hands to transfer the texture onto paper. You can even use soft materials like sponges for this method.

Prepare your found objects by cleaning them thoroughly. Any dirt, debris, or moisture can interfere with the ink or paint, so make sure everything is dry and free from contaminants.

3. Applying Ink or Paint to Found Objects

Apply ink or paint to your found objects using a brayer (roller) or a brush. The process of inking can vary depending on the type of found object:

• Flat Objects: If you're using flat objects like cardboard or metal, use a brayer to roll a thin, even layer of ink onto the surface. You can experiment with different techniques, such as layering the ink or using multiple colors.
• Textured Objects: If you're using natural items like leaves or fabric, you can apply ink directly to the object using a brush or a roller. Make sure to coat the surface evenly to ensure the texture is transferred properly.

You can also experiment with mixed media---combine different inks or paints for multi-layered prints that include both subtle and bold textures.

4. Making the Print

Once the found object is coated in ink, it's time to transfer the image. The method you use will depend on the object and the effect you want to achieve:

• Hand Pressing: If you don't have access to a printing press, you can manually press the found object onto your paper or fabric. Use your hands or a spoon to apply pressure and transfer the design.
• Pressing with a Spoon: Lay the found object onto the paper and press down with a spoon. This method is often used for objects with a subtle texture that requires gentle pressure.
• Using a Printing Press: For more detailed impressions, using a printing press is the most effective. Lay your found object on the press, cover it with a sheet of paper, and run it through the press for a more precise transfer.

5. Revealing Your Print

Once you've pressed the found object onto your surface, carefully peel it away to reveal the print. This is the most exciting part, as you get to see how the ink has transferred from the object to the paper. The textures, patterns, and shapes may surprise you, and you can assess how the object's shape and size have influenced the final design.

6. Experiment and Refine

Found object printmaking is a process of trial and error. It's essential to experiment with different objects, surfaces, and inking techniques to see what works best for you. Refine your approach by adjusting the amount of pressure, ink, and time spent pressing. Each object will provide different results, so the more you practice, the more comfortable you'll become with this medium.

Creative Ideas for Found Object Printmaking

Now that you understand the basic process, here are some creative ideas to inspire your found object printmaking:

• Nature Prints: Create prints by using leaves, flowers, or pinecones. Press these objects onto the paper and experiment with layering for a more complex design.
• Urban Textures: Explore the textures of discarded urban materials like metal scrap, rubber, or broken plastic. These materials can create industrial, geometric prints with a modern feel.
• Textile and Fabric: Combine pieces of fabric or lace with ink to create prints that carry a tactile, delicate quality. Layer different fabrics to create depth and texture.
• Recycled Objects: Transform discarded objects like bottle caps, old buttons, or cardboard into artwork that speaks to the theme of sustainability and upcycling.

Conclusion

Found object printmaking is a captivating way to create artwork using materials that are often overlooked or discarded. By incorporating everyday objects into your printmaking process, you not only give new life to these materials but also create unique, texture-rich prints that reflect your creativity and resourcefulness. Whether you're a seasoned printmaker or a beginner, experimenting with found objects opens up endless possibilities for exploration and innovation in the world of printmaking.

By using found objects, you connect to the world around you, transforming what might seem mundane into something extraordinary. Through this process, you can create art that is both personal and reflective of the environment and materials from which it was born. So gather your found objects, start experimenting, and let your creativity guide you to new artistic horizons!

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