How to Bake Doughnuts (Baked and Fried)

Doughnuts, or donuts, are one of the most beloved treats around the world. Whether fried or baked, they are a staple in breakfast bakeries, dessert tables, and coffee breaks. However, making doughnuts at home is not just about enjoying them fresh from the fryer or oven, but also about understanding the processes that bring them to life. The decision to bake or fry your doughnuts depends on various factors, including texture preference, health considerations, and time constraints. This article will guide you through both baked and fried doughnut-making processes, including essential techniques, ingredients, and tips to achieve the best results.

The History of Doughnuts

Doughnuts have a rich and diverse history, with origins that trace back to Europe. It is believed that doughnuts were influenced by Dutch settlers in New York, who brought with them the concept of "olykoeks" (oily cakes). These were deep-fried pastries that eventually evolved into the modern doughnut. Over time, various innovations and cultural influences transformed the doughnut into the sweet, dough-based treat we recognize today.

The Role of Yeast in Doughnuts

Most doughnuts are made from a yeast-based dough, which is responsible for the dough's airy and fluffy texture. The yeast ferments, causing the dough to rise and expand, creating the lightness that characterizes doughnuts. However, other types of doughnuts, like cake doughnuts, are made with baking powder or soda rather than yeast.

In both fried and baked doughnuts, the rise provided by the yeast is crucial to achieving the perfect consistency. The dough should be soft and elastic but not too sticky, as it needs to hold its shape during the frying or baking process.

Ingredients You Will Need

Before diving into the specifics of making doughnuts, it's important to understand the key ingredients required for both frying and baking. While the ingredients for both methods overlap significantly, their use in each method may vary slightly.

Basic Doughnut Ingredients:

1. Flour: All-purpose flour is commonly used for doughnuts. For a lighter texture, you can substitute a portion of all-purpose flour with cake flour.
2. Sugar: Granulated sugar provides sweetness and helps activate the yeast.
3. Salt: Salt balances the sweetness and enhances the flavors.
4. Yeast: Active dry yeast or instant yeast are the most common types used for doughnuts.
5. Milk: Full-fat milk is typically used to help hydrate the dough and contribute to its richness.
6. Eggs: Eggs act as binders, providing structure and contributing to the dough's richness.
7. Butter: Adds moisture, flavor, and a tender crumb to the doughnut.
8. Vanilla Extract: A key ingredient for flavor, vanilla extract complements the sweetness and yeastiness of the doughnut.
9. Oil: For frying doughnuts, vegetable oil or canola oil is ideal due to their neutral flavor.

Optional Ingredients:

1. Nutmeg and Cinnamon: These spices are often used to flavor the dough, giving the doughnuts that warm, comforting taste.
2. Filling: While not a part of the dough, many doughnuts are filled with fruit jam, cream, or chocolate for extra indulgence.
3. Toppings: Powdered sugar, glazes, sprinkles, and chocolate are popular toppings for both baked and fried doughnuts.

Now that we have the basic ingredients down, let's dive into the differences between making baked doughnuts and fried doughnuts.

How to Make Fried Doughnuts

Fried doughnuts are the classic variety, known for their golden, crispy exterior and soft, airy interior. The frying process gives them a distinctive texture that's hard to replicate with baking. Here's a step-by-step guide to making fried doughnuts.

Step 1: Prepare the Dough

1. Activate the Yeast: In a small bowl, combine the milk and sugar. Warm the milk until it's lukewarm (about 110°F or 43°C). Sprinkle the yeast over the milk and let it sit for 5-10 minutes, until it becomes frothy. This is an essential step to ensure that the yeast is active.
2. Mix the Dough: In a large mixing bowl, combine the flour, salt, and any spices like cinnamon or nutmeg. Create a well in the center and pour in the activated yeast mixture, eggs, and melted butter. Stir everything together with a wooden spoon or spatula until it forms a rough dough.
3. Knead the Dough: Turn the dough out onto a floured surface and knead for about 5-8 minutes until it's smooth and elastic. You may need to add a little extra flour if the dough feels too sticky.
4. Let the Dough Rise: Place the dough in a lightly greased bowl and cover it with a damp towel or plastic wrap. Allow the dough to rise in a warm place for 1-1.5 hours, or until it doubles in size.

Step 2: Shape the Doughnuts

1. Roll Out the Dough: Once the dough has risen, punch it down to release any air bubbles. Turn the dough onto a floured surface and roll it out to about ½ inch (1.25 cm) thickness.
2. Cut the Doughnuts: Using a doughnut cutter, biscuit cutter, or two round cookie cutters (one large and one small for the hole), cut out doughnut shapes. Re-roll any leftover dough and continue cutting until all the dough has been used.
3. Proof the Doughnuts: Place the cut doughnuts onto a parchment-lined baking sheet. Cover them with a towel and let them rise for another 30 minutes.

Step 3: Fry the Doughnuts

1. Heat the Oil: Fill a large pot or deep fryer with enough oil to submerge the doughnuts, ensuring there's plenty of space for them to float. Heat the oil to 350°F (175°C).
2. Fry the Doughnuts: Carefully lower the doughnuts into the hot oil, a few at a time, ensuring they don't stick together. Fry for 2-3 minutes on each side, until golden brown.
3. Drain the Doughnuts: Once fried, remove the doughnuts from the oil with a slotted spoon and place them on a wire rack or paper towels to drain excess oil.

Step 4: Glaze and Serve

Once the doughnuts are cooled slightly, it's time to add the finishing touch. You can coat your doughnuts with a simple glaze, powdered sugar, or chocolate icing. If you prefer a filled doughnut, you can pipe jam, custard, or cream into the center.

Tips for Frying Doughnuts

• Oil Temperature: Make sure the oil stays at a consistent temperature of 350°F (175°C). Too hot, and the doughnuts will burn on the outside before cooking through; too cool, and they will absorb excess oil and become greasy.
• Fry in Batches: Fry the doughnuts in small batches to avoid overcrowding the oil. This helps maintain the temperature and ensures an even fry.

How to Make Baked Doughnuts

Baked doughnuts are a healthier alternative to their fried counterparts, as they are less greasy but still delightfully soft and tender. They're perfect for those who want to indulge without the added calories from frying. Here's how to make baked doughnuts.

Step 1: Prepare the Dough

1. Combine Dry Ingredients: In a medium bowl, whisk together flour, sugar, baking powder, salt, and spices such as cinnamon or nutmeg.
2. Combine Wet Ingredients: In a separate bowl, whisk together the milk, eggs, melted butter, and vanilla extract.
3. Mix the Dough: Pour the wet ingredients into the dry ingredients and stir until just combined. Be careful not to overmix, as this can result in dense doughnuts.
4. Rest the Dough: Let the dough rest for about 5 minutes to thicken slightly before transferring it to the pan.

Step 2: Prepare the Doughnut Pan

1. Grease the Pan: Use a non-stick doughnut pan or grease the pan thoroughly to ensure the doughnuts come out easily after baking.
2. Fill the Pan: Spoon the dough into the doughnut pan, filling each cavity about 2/3 full. If you don't have a doughnut pan, you can pipe the dough into a muffin pan and create a hole in the center with a spoon.

Step 3: Bake the Doughnuts

1. Bake the Doughnuts: Preheat your oven to 350°F (175°C). Bake the doughnuts for 12-15 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted into the center comes out clean.
2. Cool the Doughnuts: Remove the doughnuts from the oven and allow them to cool for a few minutes before transferring them to a wire rack to cool completely.

Step 4: Glaze and Serve

Just like fried doughnuts, baked doughnuts can be topped with your favorite glaze, icing, or powdered sugar. The possibilities are endless, and you can customize your toppings with sprinkles, chocolate chips, or even a dusting of cinnamon sugar.

Tips for Baking Doughnuts

• Don't Overmix: Overmixing the batter can result in dense doughnuts. Stir until the ingredients are just combined.
• Check for Doneness: Since baking times can vary depending on the size of your doughnut pan and your oven, it's important to check for doneness by inserting a toothpick into the center. If it comes out clean, the doughnuts are ready.
• Customization: Baked doughnuts are easy to customize with fillings or toppings. You can add fresh fruit, chocolate chips, or even swirl in a little peanut butter or Nutella for a fun twist.

Conclusion

Baked and fried doughnuts are both delicious in their own right, but the method you choose ultimately depends on your personal preferences. Fried doughnuts offer a crispy exterior and soft interior, perfect for those who love a classic treat. On the other hand, baked doughnuts provide a lighter alternative that's healthier while still satisfying your sweet tooth.

No matter which method you choose, making doughnuts from scratch is a fun and rewarding experience. With the right ingredients, a bit of patience, and some creativity, you can enjoy fresh, homemade doughnuts that rival anything you'd find in a bakery. So, grab your ingredients, get into the kitchen, and start creating these delicious treats that are sure to impress!

View Product